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ABSTRACT

In almost all human activities especially in industrial lubricating oil is required. A large quantity of used lubricating oil is wasted in milling of liters yearly. Spent lubricating oil is recovered using methods such as Acid treatment and activated charcoal/clay method. The results obtained show that the recovered lubricating oil compared favorably with the standard. There will be a reduction or complete elimination of environment Pollution due to the present method of caroler’s disposal of spent oil is very clad. The level of lubricating oil in the market will not only be improved upon also will be sustained and easily available to the consumer  

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                      1

1.1 Aim                                                                                   1

1.2 Origin of petroleum                                                                    2

1. Brief History of petroleum in Nigeria                               3
2. Waste Lubricating Oil Dumping                                       4
3. Objective                                                                           5
4. Statement of problem                                                       5
5. Hypothesis                                                                       7
6. Scope of work                                                                            8

 

 CHAPTER TWO

 Literature Review                                                                   8

2.1     Composition of lubricating oil                                                8

1.    Performance characteristics of lubricating oil                          9
2.   Lubricating oil in service                                                         12

2.4    General Characteristics of lubricating oil                       15

  CHAPTER THREE

Experimental work                                                                  23

3.1       Materials and method                                                  23

1.    Quality Test                                                                 29

CHAPTER FOUR

Results and Discursions                                                                    33

4.1       Guideline for Quality Acceptance                                33

1.      Results                                                                         34
2.       Discussions                                                                 40

4.4     Comparison of the two methods                                             45

   CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and recommendations                                           47

5.1        Conclusion                                                                 47

1. Recommendation                                                        48

References                                                                      50

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1. INTRODUCTION

Lubricants are unique among the petroleum products in the  market especially if the product is of high or improved quality which guarantees a longer period of usage and a relative volume of sales.

It is good to recycle the used lubricating oil in order to prevent health harzard of dumping used lubricating oil, because of small percentage of lubricating oil gotten from petroleum products, also because of the high rank of lubrications as an energy conservation measure. The idea of recycling the used lubricants was first practiced   To an extent in 1930s during scarcity of adequate supplies of crude oil Which encourage the reuse of all types of materials including the lubricating oil.

 

1.1     Aim 

The title of this project Recycling of used lubricating oil clearly speaks for itself, it simply means a process where by used lubricating  Oil can be brought back to its original form for further use. Also a process where by the quality of used lubricating oil can be up graded.

 

1.2     ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM

Petroleum is another name for crude or mineral oil, a thick dark Vicious liquid  used to make a wide rang  of liquid and gas fuels. Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed millions of years ago from decayed dead plants and animals that lived in some types of rocks where oil Is often found. Over 200 different hydrocarbons can be identified in a sample of crude petroleum. Owing to the great thickness of the sediment high pressure  built up which probably in conjunction with biochemical activity   led to the formation of crude oil although detailed mechanism isObscure, accumulation of crude oil believed to involve three steps        

(i) Generation of oil: Oil is generated in sedimentary basin which  

Have intermittent been covered with seawater or offshore basin on a continental area.

(ii) Primary Migration: The oil from source to reservoir rock.

(iii) Secondary Migration: The redistribution of oil within the  reservoir rock.

 A more complex organic matter known, as kerogen may be formed in sedimentary rock. Kerosene is a complex disseminated organic matter present in sedimentary rock that remains undisolved   by sequential treatment with common organic solvent such as benzene methanol mixture, toluene and ethylene chride followed by treatment with non oxidizing mineral hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.

       

1.3     BRIEF HISORY OF PETROLEUM IN NIGERIA

Nigeria is blessed with a lot of natural resources of which include clude oil. Oil exploration kicked off and took shape in Nigeria in 1908 when a German company the Nigeria Bitumen Corporation (NBC) began successful exploration in the Araromi area of the present Ondo state.

The pioneering effect however terminated owing to the outbreak of the first world war in the year 1914 with the up roar and catastrophe however oil exploration resumed in Nigeria in 1937 and shell D” Arey  (the forerunner of the present shell Development company (SPDC) of Nigeria was awarded the sole concessionary, right covering the whole territory of Nigeria. The activities were again paused by the Second World War.  

1.4     WASTE LUBRICATING OIL DUMPING AND ENVIROMENT.

The activities of the oil industry are aimed primarily at the production of fuel into a lubricants as by products also.  Many nations are now addre